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Table of Contents
About The Book
From the author of Waiting for Eden and the National Book Award Finalist Dark at the Crossing, a “compassionate, provocative, and alive” (Vogue.com) debut war story about a young Afghan orphan, “Green on Blue is harrowing, brutal, and utterly absorbing. With spare prose, Ackerman has spun a morally complex tale of revenge, loyalty, and brotherly love” (Khaled Hosseini, author of The Kite Runner).
Aziz and his older brother Ali are coming of age in a village amid the pine forests and endless mountains of eastern Afghanistan. They are poor, but inside their mud-walled home, the family has stability, love, and routine. One day a convoy of armed men arrives in their village and their world crumbles. The boys survive and make their way to a small city, where they gradually begin to piece together their lives. But when US forces invade the country, militants strike back. A bomb explodes in the market, and Ali is brutally injured.
To save his brother, Aziz must join the Special Lashkar, a US-funded militia. As he rises through the ranks, Aziz becomes mired in the dark underpinnings of his country’s war, witnessing clashes between rival Afghan groups—what US soldiers call “green on green” attacks—and those on US forces by Afghan soldiers, violence known as “green on blue.” Trapped in a conflict both savage and contrived, Aziz struggles to understand his place. Will he embrace the brutality of war or leave it behind, and risk placing his brother—and a young woman he has come to love—in jeopardy?
Green on Blue has broken new ground in the literature of our most recent wars, accomplishing an astonishing feat of empathy and imagination. Writing from the Afghan perspective, “Elliot Ackerman has done something brave as a writer and even braver as a soldier: He has touched, for real, the culture and soul of his enemy” (The New York Times Book Review).
Aziz and his older brother Ali are coming of age in a village amid the pine forests and endless mountains of eastern Afghanistan. They are poor, but inside their mud-walled home, the family has stability, love, and routine. One day a convoy of armed men arrives in their village and their world crumbles. The boys survive and make their way to a small city, where they gradually begin to piece together their lives. But when US forces invade the country, militants strike back. A bomb explodes in the market, and Ali is brutally injured.
To save his brother, Aziz must join the Special Lashkar, a US-funded militia. As he rises through the ranks, Aziz becomes mired in the dark underpinnings of his country’s war, witnessing clashes between rival Afghan groups—what US soldiers call “green on green” attacks—and those on US forces by Afghan soldiers, violence known as “green on blue.” Trapped in a conflict both savage and contrived, Aziz struggles to understand his place. Will he embrace the brutality of war or leave it behind, and risk placing his brother—and a young woman he has come to love—in jeopardy?
Green on Blue has broken new ground in the literature of our most recent wars, accomplishing an astonishing feat of empathy and imagination. Writing from the Afghan perspective, “Elliot Ackerman has done something brave as a writer and even braver as a soldier: He has touched, for real, the culture and soul of his enemy” (The New York Times Book Review).
Reading Group Guide
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This reading group guide for Green on Blue by author Elliot Ackerman includes an introduction, discussion questions, and ideas for enhancing your book club. The suggested questions are intended to help your reading group find new and interesting angles and topics for your discussion. We hope that these ideas will enrich your conversation and increase your enjoyment of the book.
Introduction
Living in a small Afghan village a two-days’ walk from the nearest bazaar, brothers Aziz and Ali are destined for the spare lives of farmers. But when their father, against orders, returns home early one day from fighting in the mountains, the Taliban kills both the boys’ parents and burns their village to the ground. Orphaned and homeless, they travel to the city of Orgun to beg in the streets where eventually Ali is grievously wounded in a bombing attack orchestrated by a man named Gazan. Seeking badal—or revenge—for his older brother, Aziz joins the American-backed Special Lashkar, a force charged with protecting the eastern border against Gazan. Yet the more he learns about the shifting alliances between his commander Sabir, the American Mr. Jack, and a village elder named Atal, the more the lines between opposing forces blur into a haze of corruption and greed. In the end, Aziz must decide whether to embrace the brutality of war or leave it behind, and risk placing his brother—and a young woman he’s come to love—in jeopardy.
Topics and Questions for Discussion
1. In the opening lines of Green on Blue, Aziz says, “Many would call me a dishonest man, but I have always kept faith with myself. There is an honesty in that, I think” (page three). We learn that he inherits his ability to deceive from his mother, who finds a guilty pleasure in secretly smoking cigarettes. How does this statement resonate with the position in which Aziz finds himself at the climax of the novel?
2. A decorated American veteran who served in both Afghanistan and Iraq, Ackerman chooses to write from the point of view of an Afghan orphan. How does this unique decision inform the author’s writing style?
3. On page seven, Aziz’s father teaches him that “a man, a Pashtun man, had an obligation to take badal when his nang, his honor, was challenged,” a code that Aziz takes to heart when his older brother is crippled. Compare this early impression with that on page 143, when Aziz becomes the one whose life might be sacrificed in the name of revenge. Does his opinion of the concept of badal change over the course of the book?
4. Ali claims that their father’s ring someday “will be lost. […] And if we haven’t learned to replace it, the loss will be complete” (page thirteen). He believes that the only way to replace the ring is to have Aziz educated. Yet Taqbir feels that Aziz must care for the ring until his brother’s health improves (page twenty-two), and Mumtaz asserts that “if [Ali] no longer wears the ring, […] then [Aziz has] taken his place” in the family (page 214). What do each of these characters bring to the symbolic value of the ring? What connects or distinguishes their points of view?
5. From the tale Ali and Aziz’s father tells of the tower’s light (page eight) to Yar’s retelling of the heroic history of Commander James (page fifty-six), storytelling plays an important role in the way characters think about their families and themselves. How does a narrative tradition help to define the Pashtun code of honor in Green on Blue?
6. When Aziz decides to join the Special Lashkar on page twenty-five, he explains that to care for his brother would have been “his single alternative. And single alternatives have a logic all their own. Men go to war with such a logic.” What do you think Aziz means by the “logic” of single alternatives, considering all of his fellow recruits share tragic pasts? Do you think that Taqbir’s recruiting methods are justified?
7. Consider the bedding the soldiers take from a Christian charity (pages forty-seven and 108) and the “sprouts of progress” from the West that have made their way to the war-torn village of Gomal (page 151). Besides the immediate influence of Mr. Jack, how does the presence of American culture inform the lives of Ackerman’s characters?
8. Aziz is drawn to Fareeda’s deformed arm, and finds that her “beauty rested in the savage contradictions of her body” (page sixty-four). How does his erotic attraction to her relate to her statement on page sixty-six that she is not afraid of men because she only feels the physical pain of the arm? Has Aziz’s attraction changed by page 229, when he realizes “she was a prisoner of her needs, and I’d become the master of them”?
9. Noting that he and Atal both take money for their causes, Aziz wonders if he might also be corrupt. “Still,” he reasons, “the truly corrupt have unreliable motivations, and money is one of the most reliable” (page eighty-five). Does corruption in the Afghan conflict exist abiding Aziz’s logic? Do you agree with his statement?
10. Mumtaz recalls his brother telling him: “Your badal is to take none. Break that chain. Leave the war. Care for Father” (page 165). Do you agree that denying the war’s aggressors is a form of badal for Mumtaz? After taking badal against Gazan and killing Mr. Jack and Atal, Aziz thinks about how Mumtaz would “at some point […] learn of those choices. This made me want never to see him again” (page 233). What might this reveal about Aziz’s opinion of Mumtaz’s code of honor?
11. As Aziz learns more about the pressure being put on Gomal, he reflects, “In Pashto, Commander Sabir’s type of war is called ghabban: this is when someone demands money for protection against a threat they create. For this type of war, the Americans don’t have a word. The only one that comes near is racket. Our war was a racket” (page 100). By the end of the novel we learn that the full complexity of Sabir’s racket even compels Gazan to keep fighting against his will. Do you think that Sabir is driven only by money? Might he have other prideful agendas?
12. On page eighty-eight Aziz learns that Sabir’s fish Omar is named after “the one-eyed Mullah, Mohammad Omar, the exiled leader of the Taliban [that] the Americans had been lucklessly chasing […] for years.” What might Sabir’s fondness for his fish signify about his political position? What might the fish symbolize about the war in general?
13. Aziz is at first reluctant to sacrifice Atal in order to kill Gazan, tossing his gun into the mountains on page 219. What ultimately compels him to kill Gazan, Mr. Jack, and Atal on page 224? Did he have a more compassionate view of his enemy before this moment?
14. The “feminine trace” of the tear-shaped opal around Atal’s neck at first “suggested a cunning and manly ferocity” to Aziz (page sixty-two). How do you interpret his decision after Atal’s death to tie the necklace around Fareeda’s neck on page 230?
Enhance Your Book Club
1. With Green on Blue, Ackerman joins the ranks of contemporary war novelists such as Phil Klay and Kevin Powers. Pick Redeployment, The Yellow Birds or another recent war novel to read for your next book club meeting and compare it to this novel.
2. Think about the codes of honor to which you have been exposed personally or through others books and film. How does it compare with the concept of badal? Discuss.
3. Ackerman makes several important references to the Soviet-Afghan War. Predating the U.S. war by nearly two decades, Americans often have less knowledge about this conflict. Do some independent research on the Soviet-Afghan War and share something you did not previously know with your book club.
Introduction
Living in a small Afghan village a two-days’ walk from the nearest bazaar, brothers Aziz and Ali are destined for the spare lives of farmers. But when their father, against orders, returns home early one day from fighting in the mountains, the Taliban kills both the boys’ parents and burns their village to the ground. Orphaned and homeless, they travel to the city of Orgun to beg in the streets where eventually Ali is grievously wounded in a bombing attack orchestrated by a man named Gazan. Seeking badal—or revenge—for his older brother, Aziz joins the American-backed Special Lashkar, a force charged with protecting the eastern border against Gazan. Yet the more he learns about the shifting alliances between his commander Sabir, the American Mr. Jack, and a village elder named Atal, the more the lines between opposing forces blur into a haze of corruption and greed. In the end, Aziz must decide whether to embrace the brutality of war or leave it behind, and risk placing his brother—and a young woman he’s come to love—in jeopardy.
Topics and Questions for Discussion
1. In the opening lines of Green on Blue, Aziz says, “Many would call me a dishonest man, but I have always kept faith with myself. There is an honesty in that, I think” (page three). We learn that he inherits his ability to deceive from his mother, who finds a guilty pleasure in secretly smoking cigarettes. How does this statement resonate with the position in which Aziz finds himself at the climax of the novel?
2. A decorated American veteran who served in both Afghanistan and Iraq, Ackerman chooses to write from the point of view of an Afghan orphan. How does this unique decision inform the author’s writing style?
3. On page seven, Aziz’s father teaches him that “a man, a Pashtun man, had an obligation to take badal when his nang, his honor, was challenged,” a code that Aziz takes to heart when his older brother is crippled. Compare this early impression with that on page 143, when Aziz becomes the one whose life might be sacrificed in the name of revenge. Does his opinion of the concept of badal change over the course of the book?
4. Ali claims that their father’s ring someday “will be lost. […] And if we haven’t learned to replace it, the loss will be complete” (page thirteen). He believes that the only way to replace the ring is to have Aziz educated. Yet Taqbir feels that Aziz must care for the ring until his brother’s health improves (page twenty-two), and Mumtaz asserts that “if [Ali] no longer wears the ring, […] then [Aziz has] taken his place” in the family (page 214). What do each of these characters bring to the symbolic value of the ring? What connects or distinguishes their points of view?
5. From the tale Ali and Aziz’s father tells of the tower’s light (page eight) to Yar’s retelling of the heroic history of Commander James (page fifty-six), storytelling plays an important role in the way characters think about their families and themselves. How does a narrative tradition help to define the Pashtun code of honor in Green on Blue?
6. When Aziz decides to join the Special Lashkar on page twenty-five, he explains that to care for his brother would have been “his single alternative. And single alternatives have a logic all their own. Men go to war with such a logic.” What do you think Aziz means by the “logic” of single alternatives, considering all of his fellow recruits share tragic pasts? Do you think that Taqbir’s recruiting methods are justified?
7. Consider the bedding the soldiers take from a Christian charity (pages forty-seven and 108) and the “sprouts of progress” from the West that have made their way to the war-torn village of Gomal (page 151). Besides the immediate influence of Mr. Jack, how does the presence of American culture inform the lives of Ackerman’s characters?
8. Aziz is drawn to Fareeda’s deformed arm, and finds that her “beauty rested in the savage contradictions of her body” (page sixty-four). How does his erotic attraction to her relate to her statement on page sixty-six that she is not afraid of men because she only feels the physical pain of the arm? Has Aziz’s attraction changed by page 229, when he realizes “she was a prisoner of her needs, and I’d become the master of them”?
9. Noting that he and Atal both take money for their causes, Aziz wonders if he might also be corrupt. “Still,” he reasons, “the truly corrupt have unreliable motivations, and money is one of the most reliable” (page eighty-five). Does corruption in the Afghan conflict exist abiding Aziz’s logic? Do you agree with his statement?
10. Mumtaz recalls his brother telling him: “Your badal is to take none. Break that chain. Leave the war. Care for Father” (page 165). Do you agree that denying the war’s aggressors is a form of badal for Mumtaz? After taking badal against Gazan and killing Mr. Jack and Atal, Aziz thinks about how Mumtaz would “at some point […] learn of those choices. This made me want never to see him again” (page 233). What might this reveal about Aziz’s opinion of Mumtaz’s code of honor?
11. As Aziz learns more about the pressure being put on Gomal, he reflects, “In Pashto, Commander Sabir’s type of war is called ghabban: this is when someone demands money for protection against a threat they create. For this type of war, the Americans don’t have a word. The only one that comes near is racket. Our war was a racket” (page 100). By the end of the novel we learn that the full complexity of Sabir’s racket even compels Gazan to keep fighting against his will. Do you think that Sabir is driven only by money? Might he have other prideful agendas?
12. On page eighty-eight Aziz learns that Sabir’s fish Omar is named after “the one-eyed Mullah, Mohammad Omar, the exiled leader of the Taliban [that] the Americans had been lucklessly chasing […] for years.” What might Sabir’s fondness for his fish signify about his political position? What might the fish symbolize about the war in general?
13. Aziz is at first reluctant to sacrifice Atal in order to kill Gazan, tossing his gun into the mountains on page 219. What ultimately compels him to kill Gazan, Mr. Jack, and Atal on page 224? Did he have a more compassionate view of his enemy before this moment?
14. The “feminine trace” of the tear-shaped opal around Atal’s neck at first “suggested a cunning and manly ferocity” to Aziz (page sixty-two). How do you interpret his decision after Atal’s death to tie the necklace around Fareeda’s neck on page 230?
Enhance Your Book Club
1. With Green on Blue, Ackerman joins the ranks of contemporary war novelists such as Phil Klay and Kevin Powers. Pick Redeployment, The Yellow Birds or another recent war novel to read for your next book club meeting and compare it to this novel.
2. Think about the codes of honor to which you have been exposed personally or through others books and film. How does it compare with the concept of badal? Discuss.
3. Ackerman makes several important references to the Soviet-Afghan War. Predating the U.S. war by nearly two decades, Americans often have less knowledge about this conflict. Do some independent research on the Soviet-Afghan War and share something you did not previously know with your book club.
About The Author
Peter van Agtmael
Elliot Ackerman served five tours of duty in Iraq and Afghanistan and is the recipient of the Silver Star, the Bronze Star for Valor, and the Purple Heart. A former White House Fellow, his essays and fiction have appeared in The New Yorker, The Atlantic, The New Republic, and Ecotone, among others. He currently lives in Istanbul where he writes on the Syrian Civil War. Green on Blue is his first novel.
Product Details
- Publisher: Scribner (February 17, 2015)
- Length: 256 pages
- ISBN13: 9781476778570
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Raves and Reviews
“Green on Blue is a novel that conveys, with harrowing power, the fallout that decades of war (going back through the Soviet occupation of the 1980s) has had on that country’s people, and at the same time, it’s a kind of Greek tragedy about the cycles of revenge and violence that can consume families and tribes, generation after generation…This novel as a whole attests to Mr. Ackerman’s breadth of understanding — an understanding not just of the seasonal rhythms of war in Afghanistan and the harsh, unforgiving beauty of that land, not just of the hardships of being a soldier there, but a bone-deep understanding of the toll that a seemingly endless war has taken on ordinary Afghans who have known no other reality for decades.”
– Michiko Kakutani, New York Times
“The chief pleasures of Ackerman’s novel derive from its striking descriptions of men at war…Like all novels written in skilled, unadorned prose about men and women of action, this novel will probably be compared to Hemingway’s work. In this case, however, the comparison seems unusually apt…Elliot Ackerman has done something brave as a writer and even braver as a soldier: He has touched, for real, the culture and soul of his enemy.”
– Tom Bissell, New York Times Book Review
"Green on Blue is harrowing, brutal, and utterly absorbing. With spare prose, Ackerman has spun a morally complex tale of revenge, loyalty, and brotherly love. The saga of young Aziz is a chilling and often disturbing glimpse into one of the world’s most troubled regions."
– Khaled Hosseini, author of The Kite Runner
"Elliot Ackerman departs from expectation in his debut novel, Green on Blue [...] allowing us to be repeatedly surprised as events unfold. The story reads quickly, and comparisons can be drawn with For Whom the Bell Tolls, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and even Slumdog Millionaire…While most American writing about the desert wars explores the U.S. experience, Ackerman may be the first to devote his work to seeing beyond himself... The result is a work of imagination based on empathetic respect... He is, in this way, a storyteller like any in the Afghan mountains, his authority as a Marine veteran given away in favor of empathy for the people beside and against whom he fought. He invites us to sit by the fire with Aziz and hear what his people aren't able to say in our books about them."
– Washington Post
“Green on Blue is a standout both for its setting and for the austere grace of its prose. But what sets the novel apart in the annals of American war literature is its daring shift in perspective: It’s written not from the point of view of an American soldier, but that of an Afghan boy…With understated grandeur, a portrait of Afghanistan in microcosm takes shape, one in which profit and peace are at odds, lines of allegiance are constantly being redrawn, and coming-of-age entails a swift initiation into moral ambiguity and brutality…The result is compassionate, provocative, and alive to the tremendous narrative risk involved in taking on the gaze of the “other”: try imagining Apocalypse Now from the perspective of the South Vietnamese.”
– Megan O'Grady, VOgue.com
"What makes Green on Blue so brilliantly poignant is Elliot Ackerman's feeling of empathy, his ability to get under his characters' skin, reminding us not only of our vast differences but of our shared humanity.”
– Azar Nafisi, author of Reading Lolita in Tehran
"If we're looking for answers—and after fourteen years of war we damn well better be—Elliot Ackerman's brilliant, audacious novel is an excellent place to start. For so many years the war has been about "us" and "them," but Green on Blue blows open the standard narrative by showing just how fluid and fraught that distinction can be. If we're tempted to think this war has been simple and clean, Ackerman's unflinching novel should wake us up to the messy, heartbreaking reality of it all."
– Ben Fountain, author of Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk
“Green on Blue is a remarkable achievement, a novel of war, betrayal, love, and honor that feels equally timeless and timely. Aleksander Solzhenitsyn once wrote that the line dividing good and evil doesn’t run between nations, but through every human heart. Elliot Ackerman traces that shifting line with enormous empathy and intelligence."
– Anthony Marra, author of A Constellation of Vital Phenomena
“In all too many accounts of the Afghan War, the Afghan people caught in the cross-fire are rendered invisible. Elliot Ackerman's eye-opening Green on Blue places them front and center,taking us into the life of a Pashtun orphan navigating the impossible choices offered to him by the brutal realities of his war-torn country. An incisive and moving glimpse into the human consequences of decades of conflict.”
– Phil Klay, author of Redeployment
“Here, in his deeply compelling and poetically rendered first novel, Elliot Ackerman goes where few, if any, western novelists have gone before, deep into the private skin and heart of a young Afghan soldier who began as we all do, as a child. Green on Blue is more than just the page-turner it most certainly is; it is a naked and profound exploration of the ugly futility of war, and it is also one of the finest literary debuts I have ever witnessed. I cannot recommend this book highly enough.”
– Andre Dubus III, author of House of Sand and Fog and The Garden of Last Days
"A spellbinding tale that puts the human face on unimaginable suffering and violence."
– San Francisco Chronicle
"Green on Blue, in part, is intended to be subversive; that is,forcing the reader to look beyond the easy 'them and us' rhetoric and into the heart of the collateral darkness inevitably created, and left behind, by our wars of liberation."
– Consequence Magazine
“Like The Thin Red Line's Guadalcanal, Green on Blue's Shkin is one war's heart, marked by loss, ambition, blood. Only Ackerman (a veteran, like Jones) isn't channeling the American view; his extraordinary empathy marks this novel as something more than brilliant. It is brave.”
– Lea Carpenter, author of Eleven Days
"This is the best novel of the Afghan-Iraq wars to date, striking a lyrical cord akin and equal in power to Hemingway's For Whom The Bell Tolls. Elliot Ackerman captures both the deep brutality and the innate humanity of the Afghan Pashtun world and its collision with the west in clear, cold strokes. This fearless and pitch perfect first novel is a heart-breaking wonder."
– Admiral James Stavridis, USN (Ret), former NATO Supreme Allied Commander and Dean of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University
“With a tension and tenderness reminiscent of Graham Greene,Elliot Ackerman’s gripping novel of revenge and honor deftly reveals the complex machinations of a too often oversimplified war.”
– Alexander Maksik, author of You Deserve Nothing and A Marker to Measure Drift
“Elliot Ackerman, a former Marine deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, has performed that most difficult of all military operations – the achievement of radical empathy. In Green on Blue he has entered the world and the consciousness of a young Afghan soldier, one who is orphaned,impoverished and placed under the obligation of revenge. In doing so, Ackerman has brought to us a new understanding of the complicated layers within Afghanistan's tribal society, and the penetrating beauty of that country's landscape. This is a brave and impressive debut.”
– Roxana Robinson, author of Sparta and Cost
“Ackerman’s novel is bleak and uncompromising, a powerful war story that borders on the noir.”
– Publishers Weekly
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